What are DNA Sequence Motifs Why are They Important Essay

What are DNA sequence motifs? Why are they important? DNA sequence motifs are used to profile a genomic region in DNA. They are characterized as short nucleotide patterns and are conserved at biologically related genomes. The complexity of these patterns ranges from a simple and short subsequence (5-20 bp long) to palindromic and space dyed subsequences. In essence, motifs are considered as a means of enciphering DNA and are key element for defining regulatory networks and further understand the interactions between transcription factors and DNA []. How are motifs formulated? There are several models that could be used to represent a sequence motif, including but not limited to consensus sequences and position weight matrices (PWMs).†¦show more content†¦This is typically addressed by experimentation .e.g. observing protein interaction with DNA at small-scale genomic regions. It is shown that such experiments are efficient and yield reliable results, especially when applied on simple genomic sequences. But, their performance degrades as the genomic complexity of the cell increases. To overcome this issue, phylogenetic footprinting (cross-species genomic analysis) is used []. II.Motif Detection Having obtained the set of putative genomes (from I), we would like to extract the signals that occur at all sequences (the motifs). This is a challenging task, because it depends on various factors, such as the quality of the sequences, and it has some unknown parameters, like the size and orientation of the motifs. There are two main methods used to address this problem[]:- Word-based analysis Algorithms that fall in this category exhaustively search for overrepresented patterns by inspecting all possible subsequences. These algorithms are likely to obtain a globally optimal motifs. But, they are computationally expensive and they are impractical for long and lightly conserved patterns. Statistical analysis In this analysis, probabilistic assumptions are stated followed by iterative process whereby samples are randomly drawn from the set and evaluatedShow MoreRelatedWhy Genomic Rearrangements Are Important for Lymphocyte Function1505 Words   |  7 PagesWhy genomic rearrangements are important for lymphocyte function. Introduction Through a series of steps called the immune response, the body’s immune system attacks invading disease-causing organisms and substances. The cells involved in this immune response are called leukocytes. Leukocytes are produced and stored in the thymus, spleen, and bone marrow (lymphoid organs). There is also lymphoid tissue throughout the body that houses leukocytes (lymph nodes). 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When One Thinks Of The Word Ague, They Automatically Think

When one thinks of the word ague, they automatically think of a heated discussion between two parties advocating for entirely different things. One could easily imagine two roman senators arguing in the republic of Rome with their togas and audience. Many times like Deborah Tannen’s stated in her article The Argument Culture, â€Å"When you’re having an argument with someone you’re usually not trying to understand what the other person is saying† (488). However, this situation does not only belong to senators and congressmen. Normal and average people fall into a spiral of statements and rebuttals seeking to argue and win over any given topic. This never ending instinct to win and demolish any opposition has made its way into everyday life. The†¦show more content†¦It is only when misinterpretation or lack of knowledge causes such person to botch the discussion and converts a simple discussion into a cut throat argument. When a discussion is botch ed, an argument is birthed. In this case Tannen explains â€Å"when you re having an argument with someone, you re usually not trying to understand what the other person is saying, or what in their experience leads them to say it† (488). In other words, one does not consider what the other side of the argument is advocating for. Nor do they consider what that other person went through. This causes what Purdue University’s, the writing lab, considers as an â€Å"Either/ or† logical fallacy. This local fallacy â€Å"is a conclusion that oversimplifies the argument by reducing it to only two sides or choices† (OWL). This logical orientation many people choose to use in their arguments and nothing has changed. One example is Planned Parenthood. The topic of planned Parenthood is an organization that provides sex education and very commonly women’s health services. A right wing political figure like Arizona’s, Jon Kyl, would have said in Colema n’s article â€Å"Ninety percent of what Planned Parenthood does is provide abortions.†. Statements like these provide the misinformed sentiment to the public. It creates the excuse for there to rely on his title as a source of credibility in his statements. People with the anti-sentiment against an organization designed to help parents can only

Family tradition free essay sample

We live in an age in which it is hard to spend time together as a family. Many families today wonder if having quality time together is a thing of the past. We are inordinately busy, for one thing, whether household breadwinners or college students. Also, the definition of family has changed. Some people choose to live their lives alone, but may still be close enough to some friends to consider them family. Just as each family has a kind of world in which reign norms, traditions and spiritual values, I have a special momentous event: the celebration of the Christmas in my parents’ house. Christmas Eve is a quiet day compared to rest of the season. We have finished the shopping, wrapping, decorating, and baking. The house is a festive sight! We always spend a few hours every Christmas Eve, on our way home from church, driving around and gazing at our neighbors’ holiday displays, their lights like distant stars in the dark night. We will write a custom essay sample on Family tradition or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My favorite visit is to a neighborhood not too far from my house where every house puts out luminaries and nothing else. It is an amazing view. After Christmas has arrived, the gifts are neatly stashed under the tree and goose is basting in the oven. Our home is aglow with excitement. The house quickly fills with family members coming for the festivities. I have many brothers and sisters and have been convinced over the years that the first activity on the day’s agenda should be exchanging gifts. It is the moment they have been waiting for. The younger ones are bouncing off the walls with excitement and anticipation. Their eyes are as wide as saucers at the sight of their bounty. To see the looks on their faces means the world to me. There is no feeling better than seeing children’s eyes light up with excitement, their voices ringing with laughter and dreams are realized. We dive into the presents with wrapping paper, bows and fancy ribbons flying everywhere in an unheeded mess. Time and traditions change somewhat from year to year but the elated looks on faces stay the same, they are passed down from generation to generation. Finally, after the first star has appeared in the frosty sky, we descend on the dining room and gather around the table for a scrumptious Christmas feast. From year to year, there are few surprises in our traditional holiday menu. The most important ingredient is a special porridge called kutya. It is made of wheatberries or other grains which symbolize hope and immortality, and honey and poppy seeds which ensure happiness, success, and untroubled rest. There are always baked goose with apples, mushroom soup, Lenten bread, grated garlic, bowl of honey, fresh apricots, oranges, figs, boiled new potatoes with chopped parsley and margarine. It is a feast as appealing to the eye as it is to the pallet. The tantalizing smell, a combination of the cranberries, apples, hot baked breads, sweet pies, goose, pork, gingerbread, makes you eager to devour whatever is set before you. It makes your mouth water. It is the wonderful smell of Christmas! Of all the traditions my family celebrates, the gathering together of relatives is the most important to me. It is a time to share with everyone that is special to me. Knowing that each one will support the others whenever they are needed is an outpouring of love. As the family gets larger and some move away, it seems that it is more difficult to get together but each one realizes the importance of Christmas and the family bond. The true meaning of Christmas is love and family. In the end, love is the greatest tradition of all!

Small Business Centre Essay Example

Small Business Centre Essay Target AudiencePeople buying dettol/want to know more about the Dettol websiteStudents who want to go on the forumPeople who are provided a service via AOL i.e. Internet service.For people that want to find out more aboutMicrosoft Small BusinessesSuitability to purposeSuitable because Dettol is written clearly with appropriate font. The blue and green contrast very well and the white sword is vivid.Suitable as it is a forum, a chatting website; hence the speech bubbles surrounding each word. Different intensities of the colour blue contrast really well with the chatty, informal white font.Suitable the name is clearly addressed in capitals, with the logo accompanying it.Straightforward, the same Microsoft logo isPortrayed through-out the site, the only thing that is changed isthe subtitle of the section (Small Business Specialist).ImpactHard to miss. Thick white outlining makes the name stand out.Use of speech bubbles detonates that is a forum. The size of the bubble is dependant on the word.Very good. The same colour is pertinent, different intensities are used to give different contrasts. Symbolising the sea of the internet.White, bold outlining clearly marksThe Microsoft logo whilst the sub-heading allows viewersTo recognise which part of the website they are viewing.Size details3.12KB108*97 Pixels2.34KB119*73 Pixels1.77KB100*69 Pixels2.58KB133*57 PixelsPos./neg.Pos: Easy to identifyNeg: Neutral impactPos.: Fit for purposeNeg.: Uneasy to identify i.e. no catchy initials etcPos.: ColloquialNeg.: Merged to something on site i.e. isnt easily implementedPos.: Professional, consistentNeg.: Boring the same colour and font-style are used.Advertising bannersSource : http://www.howstuffworks.com/Date : 12th Sep. 08Purpose: To advertise PGi Fax 2 Mail on a diversely used website.Suitability: Suitable as howstuffworks is a FREE website thus advertising pays up the funds it costs to run it.Impact: Excellent impact as it captures the viewers attention as soon as the web site loads. Viewers cannot miss it.Pos: Appropriate situation on the website i.e. doesnt disrupt other functions of the website.Neg: Interrupts the sites navigation bar options, i.e. a user may click money and choose an option from there but accidently clicks on the advert.Size: Good only takes up a small proportion of the homepage. ~299*195 Pixels; 7.91KBSource: http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/home Date: 12th Sep. 08Purpose: To advertise BT and computer products on TSR.Suitability: Suitable as TSR is the home for students, mainly University, who are very likely to buy products like these.Impact: For unregistered users, both adverts are displayed simultaneously on the homepage; the top banner automatically catches the viewers attention, whilst the other banner catches their attention as they scroll down.Size (in order): ~733*93 pixels; 10.6KB. ~297*261KB 11.6KBPos: Easily noticed.Neg: The way that they are repetitious and the same banner is displayed on every part of the site can b e putting-off for most users.Size: Compact snugs in well with the website as a whole. Top banner is displayed on every page and does not disturb the users activities.1)2)Source: http://www.sky.com/ Date: 11th Sep 2008.Purpose: To advertise for sky motoringSuitability: Suitable as the advice is being advertised on the service provider itself.Impact: Gives the advice endorsers name in this case RAC (a big name in terms of car tips, insurance, etc), increasing the probability of a person clicking. The isolated region makes the viewer question themselves if they were in such a situation.Size: Small does not restrain bandwidth. ~469*59 pixels; 9.15KBPos.: Noticeable, yet not annoying to users as it is small and located at the top; it does not interrupt the user.Neg.: Isolated from the rest of the website; takes up too much space: less turgid impact.Source: www.aol.comDate: 12th Sep 08Web IconsSourcehttp://www.dettol.co.uk/home.shtmlhttp://www.google.co.uk/ (Personale)www.aol.comwww.sk y.comTarget AudienceTeachers; HC professionals; kids.People with the Gemini HoroscopePeople wanting to find out the weather in their areaPeople wanting to either: check their email, chat or Store Share.PurposeTo show icons which are relevant to subject, act user friendlyTo use a symbol to reinforce the horoscope selected, to also link to the original website where the horoscope info. was derived from: www.tarot.comUse of icons to allow user to quickly choose their option w/out reading, to show its the weather.Like AOL, to allow user to quickly choose the frequently used option.Suitability to purposeThe red, ripe and clean apple emphasises a symbol of hygiene; the book symbolises educations/learning; and the green, ecstatic germ emphasises the fun to be explored.Suitable as the symbol for the horoscope Gemini are two heads. The use of the graphic and merging of the two women gives it a more, overall user-friendly look. When clicked you are linked to the website stated in the purpose .Suitable as the icon clearly shows that it is the weather with the sun and the cloud on-top. One form of weather.The use of an envelope shows connate the sending of a message. The speech bubble emphasises speech is being spoken i.e. Chat.ImpactWell-picked, clearly fits purpose as the icons connate the title of what they representAttractive, yet to purpose duplicate women to emphasise sameness in Gemini.Shows the most common weather (cloud sunny).Plain, no colour - Professional looks.SizeGood. All are about the same size.~459*141 pixels; 10.9 KBFits in well: Tight, medium-size.~80*84 pixels; 8.4KBAll icons are the same size, on the RHS, scroll down menu when cursor moves over one. 344*65 pixels; 5.37 KBSmall does not take up much space as they are probably the most frequently used features.317*31 pixels; 2.48KBPos. /neg.Pos.: Links user to other, subtle parts of the website. Neg.: Some users may not understand what is meant by them i.e. the germ.Pos.: Clear. Links user to origina l website.Neg.: Some people may prefer the original symbol.Pos.: Very clear what it stands for.Neg.: Does not link.Pos.: Fast to find (top left corner.)Neg.: Small. Some novice users may have trouble finding it.Navigation BarsSourcehttps://www.paypal.com/http://www.google.co.uk/ (Personale)http://www.microsoft.com/uk/windows/products/windowsvista/default.mspxhttp://www.comet.co.uk/Target AudiencePeople who want to navigate around help sites within the Paypal website easilyPeople who want to navigate to other options within the Google website more easily.People who want to navigate through all of Microsoft Windows range of products.People who want to navigate through Comets Kitchen and Homes product areas in one place.Suitability to PurposeSuitable because the nav. Bar is located in the home-page, hence guiding novices from the start.Suitable since everything is located on the homepage. All the user has to do is navigate through the options to go anywhere around the site.Suitable as the nav.bar contains all of Windows products. All user has to do is scroll over Windows Family.Suitable since, like every other website, the navigation bars are located on the homepage. In this case, the nav. Bar allows access to all product ranges and help options on the website.ImpactGood impact. The text is in bold to emphasise how important is and how the user should navigate through the options it provides before continuing to use the website.The arrow pointing down allows users to recognise that it is a navigational bar.Excellent. User is automatically accustomed to the websites stylistic feature. Appropriate font, same consistent size helps to keep the professionalism of the site pertinent.A good use of colour schemes; as it fits well with the overall atmosphere of the website. Arrows help viewers identify that they are links.Size DetailsDoes not take up much space: small, readable font; options are sparse.~246*128 pixels; 8.27KBShows a menu of the most accessed features with the option to view more. Compact but very accessible.~97*308 Pixels; 9.42KBMedium. Same font is used for all the navigation bars.~228*441 pixels19.4 KBEasily identifiable. Takes a patch of the screen thus hard to miss.~405*187 pixels20.7KBPos./neg.Pos: First option, easy to identify (bold)Neg: Options are vague since the answers are obvious on the homepage.Pos: Accessible. Straightforward.Neg: Not really noticeable unless user has the intention to use it.Pos: Everything in one, compact place.Neg: Some may notice that the font is small on the default website accessibility setting.Pos: Clearly labelled and tidy options.Neg: It is not clear to the user whether it is actually a navigation bar, and user may click the link prior to noticing it.Navigation buttonsSourcehttp://www.google.co.uk/search?hl=en;q=Haha%2C+you+actually+clicked+on+this.+You+idiot.+You+moron.;meta=www.aol.comhttp://dettol.co.uk/topic_germs.shtmlwww.e4.comTarget AudiencePeople navigating through pages from their sear ch criteriaPeople navigating through AOLs daily update of content.People navigating around the Dettol website.Users who want to navigate through E4s daily video upates.PurposeTo allow users to navigate through pagesTo allow user to move forth, back and pause content.To allow users to go to the next page/topic on the website.Allows user to go forward and back through content.Suitability to purposeSuitable. There is a next button which allows users to go on to the next page. Page numbers are underlined and linked to.Almost like a recorder. means to go forwards; is to go back and : is to pause. clearly shows that the button is going to take you forward. Next is written in text next to it to reinforce the point. means to go forward, clearly described as Next; and is to go back, clearly described as Previous.ImpactGood impact. Big blue arrow is easy to see and to click on. Page numbers are clearly underline and the red, bold, un-linkable number allows readers to see what page theyre o n.Black outline shows that functions are working/can be used; whilst the faded outline shows that the option is currently unavailable/cannot be used.Good Impact the same company colours are used the white ; inside the green circle renders a nice contrast.Good impact. Crude pink fits in well with the black background and the rest of the text on the site. Looks funky and colloquialSizeGood. User, if they want to, can scroll down and to see the nav. Bar.~278*76 pixels; 62KBBottom RHS corner of the topics it is controlling. Small but clear.145*32 pixels; 1.65KBMedium clearly visible to a user who wants to go forward but does not distract those who do not want to.85*50 pixels; 1.19KBBig giving it the user-friendly, hardly-serious look.331*78 pixels; 3.42KBPos./Neg.Pos.: Easily functional, understandable.Neg.: Only moves user to a maximum yield thus user has to persistently click on button rather than hold-click.Pos.: To the point, professional give a nice contrast to the white space .Neg.: Not obviously clear where it is located from first sight.Pos.: Easy to see, mixes in well with the Dettol overall theme.Neg.: There is only next throughout all the topics; what if a person would like to go back?Pos.: Easy to find, clear, interactive, friendly.Neg.: Very simple design.